1. 埃克森美孚公司

Exxon Mobil

财富美国五百强排名：1

2011年盈利：416亿美元

    埃克森美孚似乎是最大赢家。它不仅在2012年财富美国五百强排行榜上名列首位，而且也位于财富20家盈利能力最强企业之首。2011年总利润为410亿美元 ，超过了石油行业内的所有竞争对手，包括英国石油公司（BP）、雪佛龙（Chevron）、康菲公司（ConocoPhillips）和壳牌公司（Shell）。

    该公司以221亿美元总价回购了2.78亿普通股股票。公司还与石油巨头企业俄罗斯石油公司（RosneftIt）达成交易，在北冰洋及黑海俄罗斯领域范围内开采石油。

2. 雪佛龙公司

Fortune 500 rank: 1

2011 profit: $41.6 billion

    It looks as if Exxon Mobil has it all. It's not only No. 1 on this year's Fortune 500 list, it has also topped our list of most profitable companies. With a total profit of $41 billion for 2011, Exxon surpassed all of its Big Oil competitors, including BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, and Shell.

    The company repurchased 278 million shares of its common stock at a gross of $22.1 billion. It also struck a deal with oil giant Rosneft to explore for oil in Russian-controlled portions of the Arctic Ocean and Black Sea.

Chevron

财富美国五百强排名：3

2011年盈利：269亿美元

    雪佛龙公司保住了今年财富美国五百强的第三名位置，在盈利能力最强20家公司的榜单上上升至第二名。2011年第四季度的销售额及其他营运收益为580亿美元，去年同期为520亿美元，主要源自原油价格和成品油价格的增长。

    目前这家公司仍然在应对巴西有关当局的指控。后者控告公司对于去年11月巴西里约热内卢海岸的石油泄漏未负全部责任。

Fortune 500 rank: 3

2011 profit: $26.9 billion

    Chevron held on to its third place spot on the Fortune 500 this year but moved up to No. 2 on our most profitable list. Sales and other operating revenues in the fourth quarter of 2011 were at $58 billion, up from $52 billion in the previous year's quarter, thanks to higher prices for crude oil and refined products.

    The oil company is still dealing with accusations from Brazilian authorities that it had not taken full responsibility for an oil spill off the coast of Rio de Janeiro last November.

3. 苹果公司

Apple

财富美国五百强排名：17

2011年盈利：259亿美元

    在盈利方面，苹果公司依然完胜其他高科技企业。苹果公司2011年的利润将近260亿美元，比去年猛增85%。IPad平板电脑及其相关产品的销售额在2011年达到204亿美元，比上年暴增311%。然而，相比iPad销售的好年景而言，其他产品的销售业务却遇到了一些挫折。2011年，iPod的净销售额比去年下降了8.21亿美元，即10%。

4. 微软公司

Fortune 500 rank: 17

2011 profit: $25.9 billion

    When it comes to profits, Apple continues to blow all other tech companies out of the water. The company raked in just under $26 billion in profits in 2011, an 85% jump from the previous year.

    IPad and related product sales reached $20.4 billion in 2011, a staggering 311% increase from the previous year's results.

    There were, however, a few sales setbacks to what was otherwise a great year for the company. IPod net sales decreased by $821 million, or 10%, during 2011 compared to the previous year.

Microsoft

财富美国五百强排名：37

2011年盈利：232亿美元

    2011年对于这家位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德市的软件巨头企业来说意味着变革。尽管微软公司的操作系统业务仍然实力强大，但在2011年总收益中所占比重有所下降。公司2011年总利润为230亿美元，比2010年增长23%。目前微软正在紧锣密鼓地准备发布Window 8操作系统，与此同时其服务器和在线广告业务也在不断增长。

5. 福特汽车公司

财富美国五百强排名：9

2011年盈利：202亿美元

    福特汽车公司的净收益比上年翻了两番还要多，2011年是福特公司过去十年收益最好的一年。尽管很成功，福特公司也未能免除遭遇欧债危机的影响。该公司在欧洲的业务仅在2011年第四季度就损失了1.9亿美元。公司在2011年泰国洪灾期间也遭受了一定损失。但目前来看，福特公司发展势头很足。

Fortune 500 rank: 37

2011 profit: $23.2 billion

    It's all about change for the Redmond, Wash.-based software giant. While Microsoft's operating system business is still strong, it made up a smaller portion of the company's $23 billion in profits in 2011 (a 23% jump from 2010). The company's server and online advertising units are on the growth path, however, while the company is gearing up for the launch of its Windows 8 operating system.

Ford Motor

Fortune 500 rank: 9

2011 profit: $20.2 billion

    With a more than 200% increase in net income compared to the previous year, 2011 was the strongest year in a decade for Ford. Despite its success, the company was certainly not immune to the European fiscal crisis; its operations in Europe lost $190 million in the fourth quarter alone. The company also absorbed losses due to floods in Thailand in 2011, but Ford seems to be moving ahead in sixth gear.

6. 摩根大通银行

财富美国五百强排名：16

2011年盈利：190亿美元

    尽管遭遇日本地震、泰国洪灾、石油价格大幅上升、欧洲金融危机等多种问题影响，摩根大通公司依然努力登上了今年的财富美国五百强盈利能力最强公司榜单。该公司公布的2011年净收益达到了破纪录的190亿美元，比上年增长了9%，高于分析师预计。

7. 美国国际集团（American International Group）

财富美国五百强排名：33

2011年盈利：178亿美元

    保险业巨头美国国际集团强势回归财富盈利能力最强公司排行榜，利润比上年增长129%。即便如此，该公司的复兴之路依旧漫长，因为公司面临偿还共计1,820亿美元的政府援助贷款。

    2011年，公司向纽约的联邦储备银行偿还了大约210亿美元，并通过出售公司普通股获得了超过87亿美元。美国财政部出售2亿股票的销售额也被包括在内。

8. 富国银行（Wells Fargo）

财富美国五百强排名：26

2011年盈利：159亿美元

    富国银行是今年盈利能力最强企业榜单上仅有的三家银行之一。该公司连续第三年获得了破纪录的净收益，比去年增长28%，这为其赢得了排行榜上的一席之地。根据富国银行提供的数据，该银行为美国三分之一的家庭提供服务，也是美国最大的小企业投资机构。2011年，富国银行还向全美国25,000家非营利机构提供了2.135亿美元贷款。

9. 国际商用机器公司（IBM）

J.P. Morgan Chase

Fortune 500 rank: 16

2011 profit: $19.0 billion

    Despite financial setbacks stemming from the earthquake in Japan, several floods in Thailand, a sharp rise in oil prices, and Europe's financial crisis, J.P. Morgan Chase still managed to make it onto this year's list of most profitable Fortune 500 companies. The bank reported 2011 record net income of $19 billion, a 9% jump from the previous year and higher than analyst predictions.

American International Group

Fortune 500 rank: 33

2011 profit: $17.8 billion

    AIG has made a comeback to Fortune's most profitable list, with a 129% increase in profits in 2011 compared to the previous year. Granted, the insurance company is still traveling on a long road to recovery that started with a $182 billion government bailout.

    During 2011, the insurance giant repaid approximately $21 billion owed to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and raised more than $8.7 billion through the sale of AIG common stock. Included in the sale were 200 million shares sold by the Treasury Department.

Wells Fargo

Fortune 500 rank: 26

2011 profit: $15.9 billion

    Wells Fargo is one of only three banks on this year's most profitable list, but with a record net income for the third consecutive year, up 28% from the previous year, the company earned its spot. According to the bank, Wells serve one of every three U.S. households, and they are the nation's biggest small business lender in dollars. In 2011, Wells Fargo also gave $213.5 million to 25,000 nonprofits across the U.S.

International Business Machines

财富美国五百强排名：19

2011年盈利：159亿美元

    科技巨头IBM公司公布的2011年总收益为1,070亿美元，比2010年增长7%。他们在去年10月份还宣布将迎来公司首任女性首席执行官维吉尼亚•罗梅蒂。

    总体来说，2011年度IBM公司在巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的业务收入增长了10%。IBM智能商业项目销售增长了25%。其云计算业务收入是上年的三倍还要多。

Fortune 500 rank: 19

2011 profit: $15.9 billion

    Not only did IBM report revenue of $107 billion, up 7% from 2010; they also reported last October they would be bringing on the company's first female CEO, Virginia M. Rometty.

    Collectively, revenues from the tech giant's operations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China increased by 10% in 2011. Sales from IBM's smart commerce operations grew by 25%. And its cloud computing unit's revenues more than tripled from the previous year.

10. 沃尔玛超市（Wal-Mart Stores）

Wal-Mart Stores

财富美国五百强排名：2

2011年盈利：157亿美元

    曾经盛极一时的零售巨头沃尔玛公司今年走下财富美国五百强榜首宝座，在盈利能力最强公司排行榜上也下降了四个位次。现在公司还面临对其墨西哥公司贿赂问题的法律诉讼。海外业务对公司增长依然很关键。2011年沃尔玛国际业务净销售额提高了12%，最主要是源自巴中国和墨西哥市场的业务增长。

11. 通用电气公司（General Electric）

Fortune 500 rank: 2

2011 profit: $15.7 billion

    The retail giant has certainly had better years. Wal-Mart lost its top spot on this year's Fortune 500, fell four spots on our most profitable ranking, and is now dealing with bribery allegations related to its operations in Mexico. Just the same, business abroad has been essential to its growth. Net sales for the Wal-Mart International increased by 12% in 2011, with Brazil, China, and Mexico contributing some of the largest increases.

General Electric

财富美国五百强排名：6

2011年盈利：142亿美元

    2011年，通用电气公司在研发方面的投资比上年增加了16%。美国制造的产品在国际市场上的销售额总计180亿美元，比2010年增加了10亿美元。

    从2009年起，通用电气公司宣布公司将在设备业务方面投资10亿美元，升级美国工厂使之更为现代化，并将部分制造业务从美国转移到中国和墨西哥。

Fortune 500 rank: 6

2011 profit: $14.2 billion

    GE increased its investment in research and development by 16% in 2011 compared to the previous year, and international sales of American-made products totaled $18 billion, a $1 billion increase from 2010.

    Since 2009, GE has announced that it will invest $1 billion in its appliance business, modernizing their factories in the U.S and moving parts of its manufacturing operations back to the U.S. from China and Mexico.

12. 英特尔公司（Intel）

财富美国五百强排名：51

2011年盈利：129亿美元

    2011年对英特尔来说是硕果累累的一年。公司总收入达到540亿美元，比2010年增长24%。2011年，中国地区的个人电脑总销量首次超过其他国家，其次是美国、巴西和俄罗斯。2011年，英特尔公司在个人电脑市场业务方面的收入与2010年相比增长了17%。

13. 康菲石油公司（ConocoPhillips）

Intel

2011 profit: $12.9 billion

    Intel had a banner year in 2011. The company's revenue reached $54 billion, up by 24% compared to 2010. For the first time in 2011, total PC purchases were higher in China than in any other country, followed by the U.S., Brazil, and Russia. Revenue for the PC market segment of Intel's business increased by 17% in 2011, compared to 2010.

ConocoPhillips

财富美国五百强排名：4

2011年盈利：124亿美元

    康菲石油公司回购了价值111亿美元的股票，减少了10亿美元的负债，通过剥离资产获得48亿美元。这些成绩让2011年对公司股东来说是非常好的一年。虽然2011年产量下降，相关石油出口量也因为利比亚的冲突受到影响，但这一石油巨头仍然保持了很高的盈利能力。

14. 宝洁公司（Procter & Gamble）

Fortune 500 rank: 4

2011 profit: $12.4 billion

    ConocoPhillips repurchased $11.1 billion of their shares, reduced their debt by $1 billion, and generated $4.8 billion from divestments. All of this made 2011 a great year for the company's shareholders. Production fell in 2011 and related oil exports were suspended on account of the conflict in Libya, but the oil giant still managed to pull off a highly profitable year.

Procter & Gamble

财富美国五百强排名：27

2011年盈利：118亿美元

    宝洁公司的产品覆盖生活方方面面，包括吉列剃须刀和汰渍洗衣粉均为宝洁出品。然而公司从2009年盈利能力最强公司的第4名下降至今年的第14名。公司2011年利润比上年下跌超过7%，主要原因是因为原材料和燃油成本上涨，美国市场消费依旧谨慎。

    作为日用消费品巨头，宝洁的营运现金流从2010年的161亿美元下降至2011年的132亿美元，而总净销售额从2010年的789亿美元上涨至826亿美元。

Fortune 500 rank: 27

2011 profit: $11.8 billion

    Procter & Gamble, which is behind everything from Venus razors to Tide detergent, slipped from fourth most profitable in 2009 to No. 14 this year. The company's 2011 profits decreased by over 7% compared to the previous year as the cost of materials and fuel rises while American consumption remains cautious.

    The consumer goods giant's operating cash flow was down to $13.2 billion in 2011, from $16.1 the previous year, but their overall net sales were up to $82.6 billion from $78.9 billion in 2010.

15. 花旗集团（Citigroup）

财富美国五百强排名：20

2011年盈利：111亿美元

    花旗集团的盈利比上年增长4%，达到110亿美元。你完全有理由认为他们今年成绩不错，但如果回顾2006年时的花旗集团，当时的盈利是在210亿美元左右，你就知道与当时相比还是有一些差距的。

16. 伯克希尔哈撒韦公司（Berkshire Hathaway）

Citigroup

Fortune 500 rank: 20

2011 profit: $11.1 billion

    Citigroup's profits were up by 4%, to $11 billion, from the year before. It's safe to say they had a good year, but when you look back at 2006, when Citi pulled in roughly $21 billion, you realize they have some ground to cover.

Berkshire Hathaway

财富美国五百强排名：7

2011年盈利：103亿美元

    尽管伯克希尔•哈撒韦公司从去年的第10名降至今年的第16名，但2011年对他们来说依然是值得庆贺的一年。公司的所有主要业务都成绩不俗，旗下的五家最大的非保险类公司伊斯卡金属制品公司（Iscar）、路博润公司（Lubrizol）、马蒙集团（Marmon）和中美能源公司（MidAmerican Energy）都收获了破纪录的营业收益。

    然而伯克希尔•哈撒韦也并非一帆风顺。公司曾花费20亿美元投资未来能源控股公司（Energy Future Holdings）债券，最终遭受巨额损失。

    公司还有若干项曾经如日中天的业务因房地产市场波动而遭到严重影响。克莱顿房屋公司（Clayton Homes）是美国最大的房屋制造商，在去年美国房屋建设总量中只占到约7%。

17. 辉瑞制药公司（Pfizer）

财富美国五百强排名：40

2011年盈利：100亿美元

    在辉瑞公司的拳头产品降胆固醇药立普妥（Lipitor）专利到期之后，很多人都对辉瑞能否保持其全球最大制药公司的地位持怀疑态度。2011年，由于专利到期，公司承受了50亿美元的损失，但仍然排在盈利能力最强公司排名榜的第17位。

    在今年上榜的所有公司里，辉瑞公司是与2010年相比收入变化最小的，只有0.02%。然而，公司将总收益的28.7%回馈给股东，是上榜公司中股东回报率最高的公司之一。

Fortune 500 rank: 7

2011 profit: $10.3 billion

    Even though Berkshire Hathaway slipped from No. 10 in last year's most profitable list to No. 16 this year, they still had plenty to celebrate in 2011. All of the company's major businesses performed well, with each of their five largest non-insurance companies -- Iscar, Lubrizol, Marmon Group, and MidAmerican Energy -- delivering record operating earnings.

    It wasn't all smooth sailing for Berkshire Hathway, though. The company spent about $2 billion in bonds of Energy Future Holdings, which ended up as a big loss.

    It also hasn't helped that several of Berkshire's businesses are significantly influenced by fluctuations in the housing market, which has certainly seen better days. Clayton Homes, the largest producer of homes in the country, accounted for about 7% of all homes constructed in the U.S. last year.

Pfizer

Fortune 500 rank: 40

2011 profit: $10.0 billion

    After the expiration of its patent for rockstar cholesterol drug Lipitor, many wonder whether Pfizer can hold onto its status as the world's largest drug maker. The company sustained $5 billion in losses related to the patent expiration in 2011, but they still managed to land at No. 17 on our list of most profitable companies.

    Among all companies on this year's most profitable list, Pfizer experienced the smallest change in revenue from 2010, at .02%. And the company delivered a 28.7% total return to shareholders, one of the largest returns in this year's cohort.

18. 谷歌公司（Google）

财富美国五百强排名：73

2011年盈利：97亿美元

    谷歌公司2011年总收入为379亿美元，比上年增长29.3%。总利润达到97亿美元，比上年增长了14.5%。

    公司总收入的96%都来自于其广告平台Adwords。2011年金融保险业界在谷歌广告方面投入巨大，高达40亿美元，其次是零售业和销售行业，投入达28亿美元。

    这些对谷歌公司来说应该是好消息。但是，随着对广告客户能收取的费用持续降低，寻求新的收入来源依旧是谷歌需要面临的挑战。

19. 强生公司（Johnson&Johnson）

财富美国五百强排名：42

2011年利润：97亿美元

    2011年，强生公司从财富盈利能力最强公司排行榜上的第9位下降至第13位。与上年相比，该制药公司的利润下降了28%左右，原因在于公司疲于应对产品召回、工厂质量控制以及随后的政府调查问题。2012年4月，威廉•威尔登辞任首席执行官，正式将领导工作以及扭转形势的艰巨任务移交给亚历克斯•高斯基。

20. 通用汽车公司（General Motors）

财富美国五百强排名：55

2011年盈利：92亿美元

    可以说，通用汽车公司依旧需要处理很多复杂问题。然而，尽管面临着油价高涨、产品召回等难题，之前还申请了破产保护并接受了近500亿美元的联邦政府救援，但公司2011年的业绩还是很成功的。2011年利润比上年增加近49%，重新登上被日本丰田汽车（Toyota）占据的全球销量冠军的宝座。

    译者：李柰/汪皓

Google

Fortune 500 rank: 73

2011 profit: $9.7 billion

    Google's revenue -- at $37.9 billion -- increased by 29.3% in 2011 compared to the previous year. And profits, at $9.7 billion, were up by 14.5% in 2011 compared to the previous year.

    A staggering 96% of the company's revenue came from its advertising platform, Adwords. The finance and insurance industry spent a whopping $4 billion on Google ads in 2011, followed by retailers and merchandisers at $2.8 billion.

    All of this should spell great news for Google. But as the prices that Google can charge advertisers continues to decline, the challenge of finding new sources of revenue lingers.

Johnson & Johnson

Fortune 500 rank: 42

2011 profit: $9.7 billion

    Over the past year, Johnson & Johnson fell from No. 9 to No. 13 on our list of most profitable companies. Profits at the drug maker were down by almost 28% in 2011 compared to the previous year, as the company dealt with recalls, quality control issues at its factories, and subsequent government investigations. In April 2012, William Weldon stepped down as CEO, officially handing over the top job -- and all the turnaround challenges -- to Alex Gorsky.

General Motors

Fortune 500 rank: 5

2011 profit: $9.2 billion

    GM has a lot on its plate, to say the least. But despite rising gas prices, recalls, and the not so distant memory of bankruptcy and accepting a nearly $50 billion bailout from the federal government, General Motors has emerged triumphant. The company's profits were up by nearly 49% in 2011 compared to the previous year, and the automaker reclaimed its title as global sales leader from Toyota.