日产聆风

    日产公司（Nissan）的全电动汽车聆风上市第一年的表现要略强于雪佛兰的沃蓝达。虽然许多车主觉得它的续航里程令人失望，但去年的头11个月，聆风在美销量还是达到了8,720辆。这款轿车刚刚发布时，日产公司称它每次充电后可续航100英里，但实际上聆风的续航里程只有70英里出头，尤其是在开着空调等耗电设备的时候。同时，插电式充电站还远远没有普及。2012年，聆风需要在头一年的基础上再接再励，并尽量争取主流用户的认可。

Nissan Leaf

    Nissan's all-electric Leaf fared somewhat better than the Volt in its first year on the market. Sales through November totaled 8,720, even though drivers found its range disappointing. Launched with the prospect of traveling 100 miles on a single charge, the Leaf ran closer to the low 70s, especially when power-burning accessories like the air conditioner were turned on. Meanwhile, plug-in recharge stations were few and far between. In 2012, the Leaf will have to build on its first-year results and start to make the transition from early adopters to mainstream users.

特斯拉Model S

    随着全电动轿车Model S的发布，这家加州的初创公司也由新颖跑车组装商一跃成为电动汽车的大规模量产厂商。发布全新轿车对于任何厂商来说是个挑战，业界也会密切关注特斯拉（Tesla）的一举一动。特斯拉公司表示目前已经收到了7,000多辆订单，明年一整年的产量都被预订一空。这些买主均对Model S寄予厚望。特斯拉承诺Model S的续航里程将达到160英里。Model S的起价为57,400美元（折合人民币约36万元），它的顶配版售价高达92,400美元（折合人民币约58万元），一次充电最高可续航300英里。

Tesla Model S

    The California startup makes the leap from novelty sports car assembler to mass-production in 2012 with the introduction of the all-electric Model S. All-new cars are hard to launch for any automaker, and Tesla will be closely watched for hiccups. Tesla says it has sold out production for a year with more than 7,000 orders. Those buyers will be expecting a lot. Tesla promises a range of 160 miles for the base $57,400 Model S, and up to 300 miles for its top-of-the-line, $92,400 version.

菲斯科Karma

    这款跑车现在尚未上市，不过据《汽车新闻》（Automotive News）报道，目前已有225辆单价102,000美元的插电式Karma跑车到达了经销商门店，另有1,200辆正在生产中。Karma跑车是前宝马（BMW）设计师亨利克•菲斯科的作品，这款造型奢华的电动车每次充电可续航30英里。菲斯科的雄心很大。他已经获得了5.29亿美元的美国政府贷款担保，而且收购了特拉华州威明顿市的一家老通用工厂，该厂现在每天可为特斯拉公司生产25辆汽车。菲斯科还聘用了两名经验丰富的高管，一位是曾任克莱斯勒（Chrysler）副总裁的汤姆•拉•索尔达，另一位是前福特（Ford's）高管理查德•比蒂。但是Karma轿车的售价高达6位数，要在眼下这样艰难的经济环境下卖出去，可不是件容易的事。

Fisker Karma

    You haven't seen one on the road yet, but Automotive News reports that 225 of the $102,000 plug-in Karmas have arrived at dealers, and another 1,200 are in the pipeline. The brainchild of former BMW designer Henrik Fisker, the extravagantly-styled Karma gets about 30 miles on a plug-in charge. Fisker has big plans. He's received a $529 million U.S. government loan guarantee and taken over an old GM plant in Wilmington, Del. where he is building 25 cars a day. He's hired two veteran Detroit Three executives, former Chrysler vice-chairman Tom La Sorda and Ford's Richard Beattie. But with a six-figure price tag, the Karma could be a tough sell in a rocky economy.

奔驰Smart Fortwo电动车

    陷入困境的微车品牌Smart希望通过一款电池动力版本打一个翻身仗。它每次充电可续航87英里。不过它的加速却慢得有些危险，从静止加速到时速60公里需要13秒钟才能完成，而且它的最高时速也只有慢悠悠的75英里。Fortwo电动车将在今年9月正式亮相，售价仅为22,000美元。如果Smart的东家戴姆勒（Daimler）真的可以使Smart扭亏为盈，那么Fortwo电动车必然居功至伟。

Smart Fortwo Electric Drive

    Struggling Smart is hoping to get a charge from a battery-powered model that is designed for 87 miles per charge. Acceleration, though, remains dangerously slow: zero to 60 miles per hour in 13 seconds with a leisurely top speed of 75 mph. The Fortwo ED goes on the market in September at the bargain-basement price of $22,000. If owner Daimler can turn Smart around, the Fortwo Electric Drive may turn out to have been its saving grace.

Scion iQ电动车

    Scion是丰田（Toyota）在美国全资成立的汽车公司。上图中的小车就是Scion iQ的汽油版，虽然就连它都尚未正式上市，但现在Scion公司已经表示正在研发iQ的电动版。丰田的产品阵营中已经有三款电动汽车和插电式混动车，其中Scion的电动车是体积最小的一款，获得的曝光机会也最少。Scion旗下的另一款电池动力轿车——也就是电动版iQ只会获得有限的量产，一共只会生产600辆，其中400辆供应日本本土，100辆出口欧洲，100辆出口美国。而在美国，电动版iQ将主要用于租车或汽车分享服务。iQ的续航里程预计为50英里。

Scion iQ EV

    The gasoline-powered iQ pictured above isn't even on the market yet, and here comes the one that runs on kilowatts. Toyota has three electrics and plug-ins in the pipeline, of which Scion's EV is the smallest and least-publicized. Another battery-powered minicar, the electrically driven iQ goes into limited production: Just 600 cars will be built, with 400 staying in Japan, 100 going to Europe, and 100 coming to the U.S., where they will be marketed solely to fleet and car-sharing programs. The iQ's range is estimated at 50 miles.

丰田RAV 4电动版

    丰田目前最受瞩目的电动汽车当属广受欢迎的跨界车RAV 4的电动版。为了开发电动汽车项目，丰田斥资5,000万美元，与特斯拉公司联手进行开发，电动版RAV 4就是双雄合作的第一款产品。这款电动车由特斯拉公司生产的一套660磅重的电池组提供动力，这套电池组使用了独特的锂离子技术。它从静止加速到每小时60英里需要9.3秒，但这在电动车行列里算是跑得比较快的了。它的续航里程可达100英里。丰田认为电动版RAV 4将引发“公众的强烈兴趣”。

Toyota RAV 4 EV

    Toyota's higher-profile EV is the electrified version of its popular RAV 4 crossover. The first product of Toyota's $50 million investment in, and joint development deal with Tesla, the electric RAV will be juiced by a 660-lb. Tesla battery pack using a unique lithium-ion chemistry. Relatively quick for an EV, the RAV 4 promises a zero-to-60 mph time of 9.3 seconds and a range of 100 miles. Toyota anticipates "robust public interest" in the RAV 4 EV.

丰田插电式普锐斯

    电动车大战中最有意思的一对对手就是丰田普锐斯vs.雪佛兰沃蓝达。这款尚未正式发布的插电式普锐斯在纯电动模式下只能续航15英里，不及沃蓝达的40英里。不过插电普斯锐还是为电动车行业设立了一些很高的标准。首先是充电时间：插电式普锐斯可以用家用电源在三小时内完成充电，而沃蓝达则需要10小时。其次是汽油模式下的油耗：插电普锐斯每加仑可行驶49英里，沃蓝达每加仑可行驶33英里。最后是价格：插电式普锐斯的底价为32,760美元，沃蓝达的底价为39,995美元。从这些数字可以看出，普锐斯的销量可能将远超沃蓝达。

Toyota Prius Plug-in

    One of the most interesting rivalries in the EV wars is Prius vs. Volt. The unheralded plug-in version of the redoubtable Prius doesn't go as far on a charge as a Volt (15 miles vs. 40), but otherwise it sets some pretty high standards. One is recharge time: a quick three hours on household current vs. up to 10 hours for the Volt. Then there's efficiency while running on gasoline power: 49 mpg vs. a reported 33 mpg for the Volt. Finally, there is price: $32,760 for the Prius Plug-in vs. $39,995 for the Volt base model. With numbers like those, Prius sales could charge well ahead of the Volt.

福特福克斯电动版

    另一对针锋相对的竞争对手则是福克斯电动版和日产聆风。这两款电动车的续航里程都是100英里，但福特公司表示，电动版福克斯的充电速度更快，而且对温度波动有更强的适应性。而聆风则胜在价格，福克斯电动版的底价为39,995美元，聆风的价格比它低了将近4,000美元。福特公司将在头一年里采取小心谨慎的态度：电动版福克斯仅会有限生产，仅会供应纽约、新泽西和加利福尼亚这三个州。

Ford Focus Electric

    Another head-to-head competition pits the Focus Electric against the Leaf. Both cars claim similar all-electric ranges of 100 miles, but the Focus has a faster recharge time, according to Ford, and more adaptability to swings in temperature. Leaf wins on price, however, coming in nearly $4,000 less than the Focus Electric's $39,995 base price. Ford is taking it easy the first year out: It plans only limited production, with availability restricted to New York, New Jersey, and California.

本田飞度电动版

    本田（Honda）飞度电动版预计将在6个月内出现在加州和俄勒冈州的市场上。它的续航里程非常不错，每次充电后可在城市路况下行驶123英里。本田给这款紧凑小车制定了36,665美元的底价，租车的价格则为每月399美元。像福特一样，本田在电动汽车的量产上也采取了谨慎试水的做法。预计在未来3年里，本田一共只会生产1,100台飞度电动车。

Honda Fit EV

    Honda's EV entry buzzes into California and Oregon markets in about six months. Its mileage is impressive: 123 miles per charge in city driving. Honda has priced the subcompact hatchback at $36,665, with a lease offered at $399 a month. Like Ford, Honda is dipping its toe into the EV water slowly. It expects to place just 1,100 Fit EV's over the next three years.

三菱i电动车

    随着过去几年三菱（Mitsubishi）在美国市场的份额日益萎缩，三菱的全电动微车i也没有获得多少知名度。三菱公司称这款电动小车的续航里程为62英里。该车型于去年11月在美发布，发布当月只卖出了4台。它的价格相比上文中的几款电动车还算比较合理，只有27,770美元，但是性能也打了不少折扣。《大众机械》（Popular Mechanics）杂志上的测评显示，i电动车从静上加速到时速60英里需要长达15秒——在汽车的世界里，15秒钟就像下辈子那么漫长。

Mitsubishi iEV

    With a shrunken U.S. presence over the past few years, Mitsubishi hasn't found much visibility for the pint-sized all-electric i, which claims a range of 62 miles. Just four were sold in November, its first month on the market. Prices start at a very reasonable $27,770, but performance is less so. Tests at Popular Mechanics reported that 15 seconds -- an eternity in the car world -- are required to reach 60 mph.

雷诺Fluence Z.E.

    虽然短期内这款电动车还无法登录美国经销商的展厅，但它仍然会吸引人们的广泛关注，这是因为雷诺（Renault）Fluence电动车是第一款使用了电池交换技术的汽车，该技术由硅谷一家名叫Better Place的初创公司研发。这款全电动轿车平时可以在城市里的电池充电站充电，不过如果需要长途旅行，途中不允许长时间充电的话，它还可以在一个经过特殊设计的加油站里将用尽的电池取下，换上一个充满电的电池，只需几分钟时间即可搞定。Fluence电动车的售价约在35,000美元左右，电池可单独租赁，租价每月300美元。这款电动车已经作为出租车在东京和以色列进行了一段时间的测试，现在雷诺计划在2012年向澳洲市场进行推广。

    译者：朴成奎

Renault Fluence Z.E.

    You won't see it in U.S. showrooms anytime soon, but a lot of attention will be focused on Renault's Fluence, the first production vehicle to use battery-switching technology developed by Better Place, a Silicon Valley startup. The all-electric Fluence can be topped off at battery-charging stations around town, but when longer trips don't permit extended recharging times, it can be juiced up by swapping out its depleted battery pack for a charged one in a matter of minutes at a specially designed refueling station. The car is priced at about $35,000, and the batteries, leased separately, cost some $300/mo. After tests in taxi fleets in Tokyo and Israel, Renault is taking Fluence to Australia in 2012.