埃克森美孚

Exxon Mobil

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第2位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：44,880

    埃克森美孚的资产负债表尽显繁荣。2012年，这家能源巨头差一点就刷新自己的利润记录（当然也是全球上市公司的最高盈利纪录）。此前的全球上市公司最高盈利纪录正是埃克森美孚于2008年创下的。对于埃克森美孚而言，2012年美国国内大量的廉价能源就像一把双刃剑。美国国内原油和天然气供应增加导致它生产收入下降。但是埃克森美孚旗下的炼油厂力挽狂澜。由于原料供应近在咫尺，成品油生产成本大幅下降，从而提振了公司的利润。

    ——Tom Ziegler

    Fortune 500 rank: 2

    2012 profit (millions): 44,880

    The ink on Exxon Mobil's balance sheet comes in one grade: Premium. The energy giant fell just short of setting a company -- and world -- record for profits this year. The last world record was set by -- you guessed it -- Exxon Mobil, back in 2008. The abundance of cheaper domestic energy both hurt and helped the company in 2012. A greater supply of U.S. crude and natural gas drove production revenues down. But it was Exxon's refineries that saved the day. With supplies close at hand, making fuel was a lot cheaper, which helped boost profits. -- Tom Ziegler

苹果

Apple

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第6位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：41,733

    史蒂夫•乔布斯逝去后的第一年，苹果公司在我们的盈利20强榜单上的排名攀升了一位。至于苹果公司能在榜上待多久，那是另外一回事。苹果公司2012年的骄人业绩要归功于iPhone。仅2012年第四季度，iPhone销量便实现同比增长了58%。但iPad的销量增长放缓，让习惯了苹果产品热销的果粉和投资者感到有些失望。同时，由于投资者担心苹果需求、供应链问题、利润率收窄，加之竞争对手三星电子（Samsung）及后者搭载Android操作系统的智能手机所带来的威胁，苹果公司股价较2012年9月创下的历史高位已下跌超过40%。

    ——T.Z.

雪佛龙

Chevron

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第3位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：26,179

    和埃克森美孚一样，2012年雪佛龙公司正是依靠旗下炼油厂支撑了盈利。油价上涨时，外界往往会呼吁综合性能源公司剥离低利润率的炼油业务。但是雪佛龙和埃克森美孚未予理会。原油价格下跌时，它们保住炼油业务以对冲风险的做法得到了回报。由于美国国内能源供应增加，雪佛龙公司旗下美国炼油业务的利润比去年同期增长了三分之一。然而，雪佛龙公司整体利润仍然出现下滑，因其在天然气勘探等上游业务方面的巨额投入尚未开始获得回报。

    ——T.Z

    Fortune 500 rank: 3

    2012 profit (millions): 26,179

    Like Exxon Mobil, Chevron relied on its refineries to hold up its bottom line in 2012. When oil prices were climbing, integrated energy companies were urged to dump their low-margin refining units. But Chevron and Exxon didn't listen, and when crude prices dropped, the hedge paid off. Profits at Chevron's U.S. downstream operations jumped by a third year over year on increased supply of domestic energy. That wasn't enough to keep overall profits from slipping, however, as big bets on upstream ops, like natural gas exploration, have yet to pay off. --T.Z.

摩根大通

J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第18位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：21,284

    去年是摩根大通银行创记录的一年，也是遭到清算的一年。虽然该行2012年盈利创历史新高，但却因“伦敦鲸”高风险交易造成的62亿美元巨额亏损而黯然失色。由于这起事件，摩根大通公司董事会做出决议，将首席执行官杰米•戴蒙2012年的奖金削减一半。但是如同戴蒙所说的那样：生活还得继续。2012年，摩根大通旗下所有业务部门都实现了强劲的业绩。不过，摩根大通银行仍将继续受累于贷款业务的微薄利润，直到利率最终从谷底开始上升。

    ——T.Z

    Fortune 500 rank: 18

    2012 profit (millions): 21,284

    It was a year of records and reckoning for J.P. Morgan Chase. The bank's highest annual profit ever was tainted by the $6.2 billion "London Whale" trading loss on risky bets. The scandal also cut into CEO Jamie Dimon's bottom line when the board hit him with a 50% pay cut. But as Mr. Dimon likes to say: Life goes on. 2012 marked strong results across all of J.P. Morgan's units. Until interest rates finally rise from rock-bottom levels, however, the bank will continue to get pinched on the profit it makes off its loans.--T.Z.

富国银行

Wells Fargo

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第25位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：18,897

    富国银行在美国房地产抵押贷款市场的占有率高达三分之一，因此房地产市场的复苏让它获益良多。由于全行业抵押贷款再融资卷土重来，富国银行2012年利润创下了纪录新高。但是在2012年第四季度，富国银行也敲响了警钟：住房抵押贷款市场的繁荣可能会结束，因为抵押贷款发放在一年多以来第一次出现了放缓。此外，和摩根大通银行一样，富国银行也继续受到低利率的拖累。富国银行的净利差在第四季度萎缩，这种局面已持续到了2013年。净利差是衡量贷款收益的关键指标。

    --T.Z.

    Fortune 500 rank: 25

    2012 profit (millions): 18,897

    For the bank that provides a third of all U.S. mortgages, the housing recovery has been a boon. Wells Fargo posted record annual profits last year on the back of an industry-wide refi-renaissance. But in the final quarter of 2012, Wells rang a warning bell that the boom might be ending. Mortgage lending slowed for the first time in more than a year, and like J.P. Morgan, the bank continues to suffer from low interest rates. Wells Fargo's net interest margin -- a key measure that tracks loan profitability -- shrank in the quarter and continues to contract into 2013.--T.Z.

房利美

Fannie Mae

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第12位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：17,220

    如果你还不相信美国楼市正在复苏，请看看房利美的业绩吧。由于美国房产止赎率和该公司所持有或担保贷款的违约率急剧下降，这家抵押贷款融资巨头的2012年利润创下了新纪录，和四年前的情形相比真的是峰回路转。当时房地产泡沫破裂，美国联邦政府不得不出面接管该公司。由于恢复盈利，房利美正在有条不紊地偿还2008年美国政府向房利美提供的1160亿美元援助款。

    ——T.Z.

    Fortune 500 rank: 12

    2012 profit (millions): 17,220

    If you're still not convinced the housing recovery is well underway, take a look at Fannie Mae. The mortgage financing giant posted record profits for 2012 on a sharp drop in foreclosures and delinquencies on the loans it owns or guarantees. That's quite the turnaround from four years ago, when the federal government had to take control after the housing bubble burst. Now that Fannie Mae is profitable, it's well on track to pay back the $116 billion Uncle Sam put up to bail the company out.--T.Z.

沃尔玛公司

Wal-Mart Stores

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第1位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：16,999

    这家世界最大零售企业的利润车轮仍在继续向前行进。2012年，沃尔玛净利润体面攀升8%， 年末购物季表现出色。不过，这家公司警告称2013年一季度销售乏力，从而引发了市场观察人士的担忧情绪。沃尔玛的业绩表现市场是衡量美国消费者支出的领先指标。沃尔玛称，消费者购买力受到工资税上调和燃油价格不断攀升的双重打击。低收入消费者是否会因此受到打击，进而更频繁地光顾这家折扣零售商？这个问题目前仍有待观察。——T.Z.

    Fortune 500 rank: 1

    2012 profit (millions): 16,999

    The profit machine at the world's largest retailer continues to chug along. Wal-Mart's net for 2012 climbed a respectable 8%, capped by a solid holiday shopping season at the end of the year. But the bellwether for consumer spending spooked market watchers when it warned of sluggish sales in the first quarter of 2013. Wal-Mart said consumers are getting hit especially hard by higher payroll taxes and rising gasoline prices. Whether that hurts lower-income customers or drives more of them to the discount retailer remains to be seen.--T.Z.

微软公司

Microsoft

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第35位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：16,978

    没有哪一家公司愿意看到财年最后一个季度出现首次季亏。然而，在aQuantive网络广告业务上下错的赌注迫使微软不得不在去年6月份的第四财季财报中公布减值62亿美元。自那以后，这个软件巨头一直在试图完成自我救赎。去年秋季，微软发布了Windows 8操作系统，尽管个人计算机市场萎靡不振，但上个季度公司销售额跃升23%。虽然微软的智能手机和平板电脑产品尚未对竞争对手造成重创，但受Xbox热销和云计算业务开拓的提振，微软正恢复增长，不断向分析师预期的水平迈进。——T.Z.

    Fortune 500 rank: 35

    2012 profit (millions): 16,978

    Reporting your first quarterly loss ever is not the way a company wants to end its fiscal year. But a bad bet on online ad unit aQuantive forced Microsoft to report a $6.2 billion writedown in its fourth-quarter results last June. The software giant has redeemed itself since then. Microsoft released Windows 8 last fall, and despite a dying PC market, sales jumped 23% last quarter. The company's smartphone and tablet offerings have yet to make a dent against their rivals, but with boosts from the Xbox and a move to cloud computing, Microsoft is growing again and meeting expectations.—T.Z.

IBM

IBM公司

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第20位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：16,604

    2012年是罗睿兰掌舵IBM的第一年。尽管销售额有所下滑，但IBM的利润实现了增长。向利润率更高的软件和服务的长远战略调整提振了公司的业绩表现，但国内外企业技术采购支出持续疲软使蓝色巨人面临严峻的收入瓶颈。尽管2013年第一季度业绩表现弱于预期，但IBM仍然维持全年业绩预期不变。不过，由于销售额持续下滑，公司已表示将通过裁员来实现全年盈利目标。——T.Z.

    Fortune 500 rank: 20

    2012 profit (millions): 16,604

    In her first year at the helm, Ginni Rometty steered IBM toward higher profits in 2012, despite a dip in sales. A long-term shift to higher-margin software and services has helped prop up results, but Big Blue faces tough revenue challenges amid continued weak corporate tech spending at home and abroad. Despite a weaker-than-expected showing in the first quarter of 2013, IBM is sticking by its full-year earnings guidance. But as sales continue to slide, the company has indicated job cuts to meet its goals.—T.Z.

伯克希尔哈撒韦公司

Berkshire Hathaway

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第5位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：14,824

    也许再也没有谁比沃伦•巴菲特对伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的2012年业绩更感到失望了。巴菲特在一年一度的致股东信中表示，他本人的表现不合格。2012年，公司每股账面价值上扬14.4%，虽然数字颇为可观，但还不足以与大市抗衡。去年标准普尔500指数上涨16%。尽管公司每股收益同比跃升44%，但巴菲特更青睐于将每股账面价值作为衡量公司业绩好坏的真正指标，因为账面价值包含了公司的总资本收益，不管实际有没有实现。

    Fortune 500 rank: 5

    2012 profit (millions): 14,824

    Perhaps no one was more disappointed with Berkshire Hathaway's 2012 results than Warren Buffett, who called his performance "subpar" in his annual letter to shareholders. Over the year, Berkshire's book value per share rose a substantial 14.4%. But that wasn't enough to beat the competition, i.e., the S&P 500, which rang in a 16% total return for 2012. Earnings per share jumped 44% from the year before, but Buffett prefers book value as the truer performance measure, because it includes all of Berkshire's capital gains, realized or unrealized. —T.Z.

辉瑞公司

Pfizer

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第48位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：14,570

    2011年11月，作为辉瑞公司的头号畅销药之一，立普妥的专利保护到期，导致公司当年第四季度利润损失惨重（同期公司基本医疗药物营收也下滑8%）。为此，辉瑞公司下调了2012年业绩预期。尽管如此，这个药业巨头2012年的业绩依然靓丽：截至年底，公司年利润高达145.7亿美元，较2011年的100亿美元增长了45.6%。这也意味着辉瑞在《财富》500强盈利榜单上的排名从2011年的第17位劲升至2012年的第11位。这个成绩对于辉瑞来说实属不易，因为它两年半之前遭受了管理层重组的重大打击，当时该公司的这一重大调整备受外界关注。

    ——Daniel Roberts

    Fortune 500 rank: 48

    2012 profit (millions): 14,570

    One of the biggest crown jewels in Pfizer's drug portfolio, Lipitor, came off patent in November 2011, resulting in a big profit loss in Q4 of that year (revenue for its primary care medicines also went down 8% in that period). Pfizer, as a result, lowered its 2012 outlook. Despite that, the pharma giant had a banner year: by the end of 2012 it was in fact up 45.6% in profits, with $14.57 billion vs. a mere $10 billion in 2011. That also means it has leapfrogged from No. 17 most profitable in the Fortune500 last year to No. 11. Not bad for a corporation that only two and a half years ago suffered a damaging and much-scrutinized management shakeup. -- Daniel Roberts

通用电气

General Electric

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第8位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：13,641

    2012年，通用电气实现利润136.4亿美元，同比下降了3.6%，在盈利榜单上下滑一位。这主要受累于欧洲困境以及美元走强导致的外销疲软。另外，公司旗下医疗业务的收入也出现下滑。因此，通用电气CEO杰夫•伊梅尔特在2012年末提醒投资者，2013将是严峻的一年，从而抑制了分析师预期。但今年以来，通用电气已经和新创电商Quirky达成了一个相当有意思的战略伙伴关系，致力于创新型产品的设计。此外，通用电气还斥资30亿美元收购了油田技术服务公司Lufkin Industries。——D.R.

    Fortune 500 rank: 8

    2012 profit (millions): 13,641

    A 3.6% decline in profits, to $13.64 billion, means GE slips one slot this year. That was in large part due to trouble from Europe; a stronger dollar meant weaker foreign sales. In addition, revenue from its healthcare division fell. As a result, CEO Jeff Immelt curbed expectations for 2013 by telling investors at the end of 2012 that another rough year was coming. But so far this year GE has formed an interesting strategic partnership with the startup Quirky to design innovative products as well as purchased oil technology company Lufkin Industries for $3 billion. --D.R.

英特尔

Intel

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第54位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：11,005

    芯片制造商英特尔在2011年表现出色，收入增长了24%。而且，得益于在华个人电脑业务整体的增长，个人电脑销售额增长了17%。要想在2012年取得能够相媲美的业绩很困难，事实上英特尔也做不到：尽管在榜单上只下降了一位，但它2012年利润下降15%，减少到了11亿美元。CEO保罗•欧德宁将利润下滑归因于个人电脑市场总体受阻：越来越多的消费者开始放弃笔记本电脑，改用平板电脑，而英特尔通常有超过一半的利润来自于个人电脑芯片。——D.R.

    Fortune 500 rank: 54

    2012 profit (millions): 11,005

    Chipmaker Intel had quite a year in 2011. Its revenue went up 24%, and its PC sales increased by 17% thanks to growth of the entire PC segment in China. It would have been hard to match that kind of year, and indeed, the company couldn't: its $11 billion in 2012 profit represents a 15% drop (though only a one-slot fall on this list). CEO Paul Otellini has attributed the down year to an overall crimp on the PC market; more people are using tablets instead of laptops, and more than half of Intel's profits normally come from PC chips.--D.R.

房地美

Freddie Mac

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第31位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：10,982

    要说住房市场现在离全面健康地回到正轨还早，但是房地美，这家政府持有的抵押贷款公司在2012年的确创下了盈利新记录，它高达109.8亿美元的利润令人惊讶。我们无从去赞美房地美在榜单上的排名有多大幅度的上升或是下降，因为2011年它根本榜上无名。事实上，房地美在2011年亏损逾50亿美元，从2006年起就不再盈利。有意思的是，房地美在2012年的收入低于2011年，但由于成本大幅降低，利润出现激增（随着经济的好转，迟还或拖欠贷款的人数减少，这是个好消息）。——D.R.

    Fortune 500 rank: 31

    2012 profit (millions): 10,982

    Don't start heralding the full and healthy return of the housing market, necessarily, but government-owned mortgage lender Freddie Mac did report astounding, record profits of $10.98 billion for 2012. We can't tout how many slots the company climbed or fell on our Most Profitable list because last year, it wasn't included—in fact in 2011 it lost more than $5 billion. And it hasn't been profitable since 2006. Interestingly, Freddie's 2012 revenue was lower than in 2011, but profits surged because costs went way down (with an improving economy, fewer people were late or delinquent on their payments; that's good news). --D.R.

强生

Johnson & Johnson

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第41位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：10,853

    现在回过头来看，强生在2012年4月任命亚历克斯•戈尔斯基为新任CEO对这个医药公司来说是件好事。2012年，强生实现利润108.5亿美元，较2011年的97亿美元跃升了12%。2011年，强生遭遇了一系列质量问题、召回事件、负面影响颇大的公共调查。相比之下，它在2012年的运营更为平稳，还斥资197亿美元吞并了医疗设备生产厂辛迪思（Synthes），当然业务也出现了转机。虽然2013年第一季度的利润较2012年同期下降了11%，但销售额却提高了。——D.R.

    Fortune 500 rank: 41

    2012 profit (millions): 10,853

    It now looks, in hindsight, like the appointment of new CEO Alex Gorsky in April 2012 was a good thing for the drug-maker: profits in 2012 went up to $10.85 billion, a 12% jump over 2011's $9.7 billion. In 2011 the company had to handle a number of quality issues and recalls, as well as public and damaging investigations. 2012, in contrast, brought smoother operations, a $19.7 billion buyout of medical device-maker Synthes, and clearly, something of a turnaround. And although Q1 profits for 2013 were down 11% vs. Q1 in 2012, sales were up. --D.R.

宝洁

Procter & Gamble

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第28位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：10,756

    宝洁虽然拥有家喻户晓的日用品品牌，如帮宝适（pampers）和吉利（Gillette），但由于创新不足，经济疲软，近年来这家公司也面临着一些问题。尽管宝洁在包括中国和俄罗斯在内的国外市场获得了成功，销售额也升至851亿美元，但在驱动公司盈利的发达市场却出现增长不足的问题，导致2012年利润同比下滑8.8%。宝洁CEO麦睿博去年6月份提出了一项40/20/10的计划：把资源主要集中在40个最大、盈利空间最高的业务领域，20个最大的创新项目，以及10个最重要的发展中市场上。——Colleen Leahey

    Fortune 500 rank: 28

    2012 profit (millions): 10,756

    Procter and Gamble may boast household brands like Pampers and Gillette, but a stall in innovation and a weak economy have created issues for the company over the past several years. Though P&G found success abroad in countries like China and Russia—and its sales grew to $85.1 billion—profits fell 8.8% over the past year, spurred by a lack of growth in the developed markets that drive the company's earnings. CEO Bob McDonald announced a 40/20/10 plan last June: His vision for the company focuses resources on its 40 largest and most profitable businesses, its 20 largest innovations, and on the 10 most important developing markets. --Colleen Leahey

谷歌

Google

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第55位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：10,737

    近来总能见到谷歌联席创始人拉里•佩奇戴着公司最新的发明——谷歌眼镜。谷歌管理层对创新的大力支持也正在开始获得回报。2012年，谷歌的利润高达108亿美元，较2011年增长了10.3%。公司的销售额也创下了522亿美元的记录新高。搜索仍然是谷歌的核心业务，广告收益促使其高速增长——但在2011年5月，谷歌以125亿美元收购摩托罗拉移动（Motorola Mobility）的交易也显示了它对挺进硬件业务领域的浓厚兴趣。——C.L.

    Fortune 500 rank: 55

    2012 profit (millions): 10,737

    Nowadays, it's rare to see co-founder Larry Page undecorated by the company's newest gadget, Google Glass. But the Google management team's obvious support for innovation is paying off. Profits hit $10.8 billion in 2012, up 10.3% from the previous year. The company also had a record sales year, topping off at $52.2 billion. Search remains its core business, and advertising has allowed the tech company to grow quickly—but its $12.5 billion acquisition of Motorola Mobility last May signals a serious interest in expanding its hardware business. --C.L.

甲骨文

Oracle

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第80位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：9,981

    甲骨文和惠普（Hewlett-Packard）打了一仗，甲骨文试图停止给搭载英特尔安腾（Intel Itanium）服务器芯片的设备供应软件，因为这个芯片是他们的对手惠普生产的。结果甲骨文败诉，惠普正索赔据称高达40亿美元的损失。诉讼过程中披露的文件显示，甲骨文的执行副总裁基思•布洛克对总裁马克•赫德硬件计划不信任。这个计划涉及公司2010年对互联网技术服务公司Sun Microsystems的收购。（布洛克最后辞职。）但这场混乱并不妨碍这个技术巨头在2012年获得成功。甲骨文的软件业务提振了销售额，使利润增长16.8%，达到100亿美元。——C.L.

    Fortune 500 rank: 80

    2012 profit (millions): 9,981

    Oracle went to battle with Hewlett-Packard last year after it tried to stop making software for devices using its rival's Intel Itanium server chip. Oracle lost the suit—and HP is seeking a reported $4 billion in damages. Documents unearthed during the litigation process revealed Oracle EVP Keith Block's distrust in president Mark Hurd's hardware plan for the company, pertaining to its 2010 acquisition of Sun Microsystems. (Block eventually resigned.) But the mess didn't keep the tech giant from having a successful 2012. Oracle's software business propelled sales, helping profits rise 16.8% to $10 billion. -- C.L.

可口可乐

Coca-Cola

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第57位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：9,019

    毫无疑问，美国人喜爱苏打水，但在2012年这个兴趣变得不那么强烈了——而且欧洲的可口可乐销量也出现下降。这家饮料公司通过进军俄罗斯和土耳其等新兴市场抵消了欧美市场销售额下滑的影响。2012年，公司实现利润90亿美元，增长了5%，主要是受可口可乐牌饮料强劲销售额的提振。CEO穆泰康正无比坚定地推进他的2020愿景，届时要将公司的收入翻一翻。和所有以客户为中心的公司一样，他要抢在其他品牌前面让千禧世代先爱上可口可乐。——C.L.

    Fortune 500 rank: 57

    2012 profit (millions): 9,019

    There's no doubt that Americans love their soda, but their interest flattened in 2012—and Europe's declined. The beverage company offset this by looking to emerging markets like Russia and Turkey. Profits grew 5% to $9 billion, led by the sale of its Coca-Cola brand. CEO Muhtar Kent is adamantly pushing his 2020 vision, which aims for the company to double revenue by that year. Like all consumer-focused companies, he's interested in getting millennials to fall in love with Coke before they're lured by another brand. --C.L.

菲莫国际

Philip Morris International

    2012年《财富》500强排名：第99位

    2012年利润（单位：百万美元）：8,800

    这家烟草公司的所有业务均在美国境外。通过全力推动新兴市场业务增长，公司2012年实现了利润增长。但由于美元走势强劲，导致它的销售额仅增长了不足1%，只达到了314亿美元。但随着菲莫在全球20个市场展开旗下万宝路品牌新广告宣传攻势，它的万宝路品牌业务依然维持着稳健的表现。(财富中文网)

    译者：默默

    Fortune 500 rank: 99

    2012 profit (millions): 8,800

    The tobacco company, which generates all its business outside the U.S., saw higher income in 2012 by focusing on growth in emerging markets. The stronger dollar hurt sales, which were up less than 1% to $31.4 billion, but its Marlboro brand kept business solid after Philip Morris launched a new ad campaign that promoted it in 20 markets globally.