虽然年中曾出现一轮抛盘，但美国股市今年总体表现强劲。截至12月月中，标准普尔500指数（S&P 500）上涨了近15%。

    《财富》美国500强公司今年也表现出色，几乎有80%的公司股价都呈现正增长，约60%实现了两位数的增长。《财富》美国500强公司2012年十大牛股中，有8家公司的股价实现了三位数的增长。

    十大牛股包括美国银行（Bank of America）和惠而浦（Whirlpool），这两家公司都得益于美国房地产市场的回升。很多炼油公司也取得了漂亮的涨幅。

    以下是《财富》美国500强2012年涨幅最大的十只股票（倒序排列），数据计算是根据12月7日的收盘价。

    Despite another mid-year sell-off, the stock market has logged a strong performance this year, with the S&P 500 up nearly 15% through mid-December.

    Fortune 500 companies have had a banner year too, with almost 80% of those companies posting gains. Roughly 60% have enjoyed double-digit percentage increases. And of the top 10 best performers among the Fortune 500 companies, eight have had triple-digit jumps.

    Among the best performers were Bank of America (BAC, Fortune 500) and Whirlpool(WHR, Fortune 500), which are benefiting from the rebound in the housing market. A number of oil refiners have also booked stellar gains.

    Click through to see the top 10 Fortune 500 performers (counting down from good to great), based on their closing prices as of Dec. 7.

第10名 马拉松原油公司

股票代码：MPC

今年迄今股价涨幅：88%

市值：213亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：31

    马拉松原油公司（Marathon Petroleum）于2011年6月从马拉松石油公司（Marathon Oil）剥离出来，主营石油精炼、销售和运输。公司在伊利诺伊州、俄亥俄州、密歇根州、路易斯安娜州、肯塔基州和得克萨斯州都设有炼油厂。另外，公司在美国中东部拥有庞大的零售网络。

    迫于维权投资者Jana Partners的压力，马拉松原油现在已将管道业务剥离出去，MPLX LP于今年10月完成上市。自那以来，这家有限合伙公司的股价涨了41%。在Jana Partners的敦促下，马拉松原油公司也同意在2月份回购20亿美元的股票。

    这家原油公司还出资25亿美元收购了英国石油（BP）的得克萨斯城炼油厂，该厂2005年的一场爆炸事故曾造成15名工人死亡。该公司表示，这家炼油厂现在已经安全了。分析人士相信，这将给马拉松原油提供更多空间，在快速增长的墨西哥湾地区进行拓展。

    最大的问题是需求。假如经济放缓压低油价，马拉松原油公司的股票将在2013年遭遇冲击。

#10 Marathon Petroleum

Ticker: MPC

YTD stock performance: 88%

Market cap: $21.3 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 31

    Spun out of Marathon Oil (MRO,Fortune 500) in June 2011, Marathon Petroleum (MPC, Fortune 500)refines, markets, and transports oil through refineries in Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Louisiana, Kentucky and Texas. The company also has a large retail presence in the Midwest.

    Under pressure from activist investor Jana Partners, Marathon Petroleum spun off its pipeline operations, taking MPLX LP (MPLX) public in October. Since then, shares of that limited partnership have increased 41%. At Jana Partners' urging, Marathon Petroleum agreed to buy back $2 billion worth of shares in February as well.

    The petroleum company also spent $2.5 billion to acquire BP's (BP) Texas City refinery, the site of a 2005 explosion that killed 15 workers. The company said the refinery is safe now, and analysts think it will give Marathon more room to expand in the growing Gulf Coast region.

    The biggest concern is demand. Should a slowing economy dampen oil prices, Marathon Petroleum could take a big hit in 2013.

第9名 美国银行

股票代码：BAC

今年迄今股价涨幅：92.2%

市值：1,144亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：13

    度过了艰难的2011年之后，美国银行（Bank of America）2012年开始得益于美国楼市复苏和贷款环境的改善。

    今年，得益于新增按揭和企业贷款增加，该行的营收和利润都出现了强劲增长。

    美国银行还扫清了一些障碍，包括与股东就其收购美林（Merrill Lynch)达成23亿美元的和解。

    但是这家银行目前还没有完全脱离困境。（已逾期或违约的）危机前贷款高昂的成本蚕食了它的利润。

    10月份，美国银行又新增了一项诉讼地雷，美国政府指控该行向消费者出售存在缺陷的抵押债。

    目前，这家公司看起来情况还不错，但股价还有很长的路要走。当前股价较2006年的历史高点55.08美元仍然低了81%。

#9 Bank of America

Ticker: BAC

YTD stock performance: 92.2%

Market cap: $114.4 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 13

    After a rough 2011, Bank of America(BAC, Fortune 500) has benefited from a housing rebound and a better lending environment.

    The bank's revenues and profits got a healthy boost this year from new mortgage originations and an increase in corporate lending.

    Bank of America also cleared a few hurdles, including a $2.3 billion settlement with shareholders related to its acquisition of Merrill Lynch.

    But the bank isn't completely out of the woods. Those profits were offset by high costs for servicing pre-crisis loans that were delinquent or defaulted.

    Bank of America also added another potential litigation landmine in October, when the U.S. government initiated a lawsuit against the bank for allegedly selling defective mortgages to consumers.

    The company appears to be on the right path, but the stock still has a ways to go. Shares remain 81% below their 2006 all-time high of $55.08.

第8名 百货零售商Dillard's公司

股票代码：DDS

今年迄今股价涨幅：85%

市值：39亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：383

    百货商店零售商Dillard's主要服务美国中部消费者，价格定位介于梅西百货（Macy's）和Nordstrom之间。

    过去几年，Dillard's小幅提升了档次，目前已经掌握了顾客的口味，深谙吸引回头客的奥秘。2012年，这家公司开店一年以上的店铺销售额持续超出分析师的预期。

    和大多数竞争对手不同，Dillard's在购物中心的店铺大多为自有物业。随着房地产市场开始反弹，Dillard's对投资者的吸引力进一步提升。

    这家总部位于阿肯色州小石城的零售商还在继续回购股票。最后，Dillard's的投资者们还获得了一份圣诞大礼——每股5美元的特殊派息。

    分析人士也看好Dillard's，相信未来它的表现能优于J.C. Penney和Kohl's等同行企业。假如该公司能延续这样出色的表现，摩根大通（J.P. Morgan）分析师们认为，它的股价还有上涨空间。

#8 Dillard's

Ticker: DDS

YTD stock performance: 85%

Market cap: $3.9 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 383

    Department store retailer Dillard's(DDS, Fortune 500) mostly serves customers in the middle of the country, catering to people looking for a price-point somewhere between Macy's (M,Fortune 500) and Nordstrom (JWN,Fortune 500).

    By moving slightly more upscale over the past several years, Dillard's has managed to pinpoint what its customers want and what keeps them coming back. Sales at stores open more than one year consistently beat analysts' forecasts in 2012.

    Unlike most of its competitors, Dillard's owns most of its underlying real estate within shopping malls. That's helped make Dillard's more attractive to investors, as the real estate market started to rebound.

    The Little Rock, Ark.-based retailer also continued to buy back its shares. Finally, Dillard's investors got a December stocking stuffer -- a $5-per-share special dividend.

    Analysts have cheered Dillard's ability to stand apart from peers like J.C. Penney (JCP,Fortune 500) and Kohl's (KSS, Fortune 500). Should the firm keep up the stellar work, J.P. Morgan's analysts think the stock has room to run.

第7名 炼油公司HollyFrontier

股票代码：HFC

今年迄今股价涨幅：103%

市值：95亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：170

    美国中部具有丰富的廉价石油资源，HollyFrontier也因此成为投资美国石油行业的最佳选择。

    这家总部位于达拉斯的独立石油公司经营着5家炼油厂，日产量超过40万桶。

    虽然HollyFrontier的规模相对较小，但能低价购入原油，结果仍然推高它第三季度的利润达到了历史新高。

    原因主要是因为HollyFrontier毗邻俄克拉荷马州库欣。没有连接墨西哥湾的管道使得库欣难以将石油运出，但HollyFrontier正受益于此，旗下炼油厂能源源不断地获得相对低价的西得克萨斯州中质油，从而享有竞争优势。

    分析人士预计这个趋势将继续延续，对于HollyFrontier股东而言这是个好消息。该公司已经上调了季度派息，并于11月份宣布派发每股50美分的特别股息。

#7 HollyFrontier

Ticker: HFC

YTD stock performance: 103%

Market cap: $9.5 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 170

    HollyFrontier is in a sweet spot in the oil industry thanks to a glut of cheap crude oil in the central United States.

    The Dallas-based independent oil company operates five refineries that pump out more than 400,000 barrels a day.

    Even though it's a relatively small player,HollyFrontier's (HFC, Fortune 500)ability to buy crude at a discount helped push the company's third-quarter earnings to a record high.

    That's largely because of HollyFrontier's close proximity to Cushing, Okla. The lack of a pipeline to the Gulf Coast has made it difficult to get oil out of Cushing, but HollyFrontier has gained a competitive edge by keeping the cheaper-priced West Texas Intermediate oil flowing to its refiners.

    Analysts expect that trend to continue, and that could be good news for HollyFrontier's shareholders. The company has already increased its quarterly dividend and also declared a special 50 cents- per-share dividend in November.

#6 Whirlpool

Ticker: WHR

YTD stock performance: 112%

Market cap: $7.8 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 147

    Whirlpool's rally has been driven, in part, by hopes the appliance maker will benefit from a rebound in the housing market.

    Whirlpool (WHR, Fortune 500) has also been cutting costs and raising prices in an effort to boost its profit margins.

    The company raised its outlook in October, saying it expects to earn up to $7.10 per share in 2012, which translates to annual earnings growth of 5.5%. Whirlpool also expects to end the year with as much as $175 million in cash.

    Analysts expect earnings to continue rising in 2013. But given the run Whirlpool stock has had this year, the growth may already be priced in.

第5名 办公用品供应商OfficeMax公司

股票代码：OMX

今年迄今股价涨幅：115%

市值：8.53亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：354

    办公用品供应商OfficeMax今年东山再起，但它在办公用品领域仍然属于轻量级选手。

    继木制品生产商Boise Cascade宣布计划通过IPO筹资2亿美元后，OfficeMax股价在11月份显著上涨。晨星（Morningstar）的数据显示，OfficeMax拥有Boise Cascade公司20%的股权和其他股票。如果Boise上市，这些股权和股票总计可能价值3.10亿美元。

    这对于市值约8.5亿美元的OfficeMax而言可是很大一笔钱。但在这个由史泰博（Staples）和沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）以及亚马逊（Amazon）这些大型零售商占据主导的市场中，这可能还不足以弥补其欠缺的竞争力。

    分析师们预计，今年OfficeMax公司的营收可能下降2%，但利润预计将较去年增长24%。

#5 OfficeMax

Ticker: OMX

YTD stock performance: 115%

Market cap: $853 million

Fortune 500 rank: 354

    OfficeMax (OMX, Fortune 500) staged a comeback this year, but the company remains a relative lightweight in the office supply space.

    Shares of OfficeMax got a boost in November, after wood products manufacturer Boise Cascade announced plans to raise $200 million through an initial public offering. OfficeMax owns a 20% equity stake in Boise Cascade plus additional shares that altogether could be worth $310 million once Boise goes public, according to Morningstar.

    That would be a nice chunk of change for OfficeMax, which has a market capitalization of roughly $850 million. But it's probably not enough to make up for a lack of competitiveness in a market dominated by Staples (SPLS, Fortune 500) and mass merchandise retailers like Wal-Mart(WMT, Fortune 500)and Amazon (AMZN, Fortune 500).

    For the year, analysts expect OfficeMax to report a 2% drop in revenue, although earnings are forecast to rise 24% versus last year.

第4名 Western Refining炼油公司

股票代码：WNR

今年迄今股价涨幅：123%

市值：26亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：285

    Western Refining是一家独立的炼油商，在美国西南部经营着超过200家的零售加油站，并向批发商销售石油产品。

    总部位于得克萨斯州埃尔帕索的Western公司一直受益于美国和加拿大石油产量的增长。

    这家公司的两个炼油厂主要加工轻质低硫原油。这种原油相比其他炼油厂使用的是更重质的原油，价格相对较低。

    因此，Western公司的利润率相比主要竞争对手得到了显著提升。

    这家公司还努力减轻了由于2007年收购Giant以及扩大产能投资造成的沉重债务负担。

    Western公司有望受益于未来美国可能出现的能源繁荣。预计2020年前，美国将超越沙特，成为全球最大的产油国。

#4 Western Refining

Ticker: WNR

YTD stock performance: 123%

Market cap: $2.6 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 285

    Western Refining (WNR, Fortune 500) is an independent oil refiner that operates more than 200 retail gas stations in the Southwest and sells petroleum products to wholesalers.

    Based in El Paso, Texas, Western has benefited from increased oil production in the United States and Canada.

    The company's two refineries are set up to process light, sweet crude, which has been selling at a discount to the heavier stuff used by other refiners.

    As a result, Western's margins have expanded significantly compared with its main rivals.

    The company has also managed to reduce a heavy debt burden related to its 2007 acquisition of Giant Industries, as well as make investments to increase capacity.

    Western should be well positioned to benefit from a potential energy boom in the United States, which is expected to overtake Saudi Arabia as the world's biggest oil producer before 2020.

第3名 CVR 能源公司

股票代码：CVI

今年迄今股价涨幅：142%

市值：41亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：477

    随着亿万富翁、维权投资者卡尔·伊坎将CVR能源公司（CVR Energy）列入其最大持股（当然，我们没有计入Icahn Enterprises），该股今年大涨，创下历史高点。

    1月份，伊坎买入CVR能源公司14.5%的股权，声称该股遭到低估。5月份，伊坎增持至80%左右。一个月后，他被任命为这家炼油公司的董事会主席。

    伊坎一度计划出售这家公司，他列出的潜在买家包括Valero、Western Refining、HollyFrontier、Tesoro、马拉松原油和康菲石油（ConocoPhilips）等公司。

    因为没有接到任何可信的出价，随后，伊坎在8月初提出将公司私有化。两周后，这位亿万富翁以市况为由收回了这项提议。但伊坎仍是这家公司的最大投资者。

    与此同时，今年CVR公司盈利强劲，每个季度的表现都超出了预期。在最近这个季度，CVR公司公布，它的利润达到了2.09亿美元，较上年统计几乎翻番，而销售额也大增近80%。

#3 CVR Energy

Ticker: CVI

YTD stock performance: 142%

Market cap: $4.1 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 477

    Shares of CVR Energy (CVI, Fortune 500) have soared to record highs this year as billionaire activist investor Carl Icahn made the company his biggest holding, not counting Icahn Enterprises (IEP,Fortune 500), of course.

    In January, Icahn picked up a 14.5% percent stake in CVR, saying shares were undervalued. In May, Icahn boosted his stake to about 80%, and a month later, he was named chairman of the oil refiner's board.

    Icahn went on a mission to sell the company and named Valero (VLO, Fortune 500), Western Refining (WNR, Fortune 500), HollyFrontier (HFC, Fortune 500), Tesoro (TSO,Fortune 500), Marathon Petroleum (MPC, Fortune 500) and ConocoPhilips (COP,Fortune 500) as possible buyers.

    After failing to receive any credible offers, Icahn offered to take the company private in early August. Two weeks later, the billionaire withdrew his offer, citing market conditions. But Icahn remains the company's largest investor.

    Meanwhile, CVR has also delivered strong earnings, topping expectations each quarter this year. During the most recent quarter, CVR posted a profit of $209 million, nearly double from a year earlier, as sales surged almost 80%.

第2名 斯普林特Nextel公司

股票代码：S

今年迄今股价涨幅：143%

市值：$16.7亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：90

    过去几年，斯普林特的用户持续向竞争对手美国电话电报公司（AT&T）和威瑞森（Verizon）流失，但现在对于这家美国第三大无线运营商而言，形势开始变得比较光明。

    2011年底，斯普林特终于开始销售苹果（Apple）iPhone手机，此举帮助它改善了销售收入。随着斯普林特公布销售iPhone手机近150万台，这家运营商的移动服务收入增长了8%，7月份该股股价第一次被推高。

    这只股第二次大涨是因为斯普林特证实它正在协商向日本科技巨头软银公司（SoftBank）出售控股股权。几天后，斯普林特宣布达成协议，拟以超过200亿美元的金额将70%的股权卖给软银。

    这项交易给斯普林特带来了约80亿美元急需的资本，强化了它的收购能力。斯普林特早已在行动了。12月份，它出价拟获得对Clearwire的完全控制权，在这家公司中它早已持有50.4%的股权。通过Clearwire交易，斯普林特将获得最大的移动频段。

#2 Sprint Nextel

Ticker: S

YTD stock performance: 143%

Market cap: $16.7 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 90

    Sprint (S, Fortune 500) has been losing subscribers to rivals AT&T (T,Fortune 500)and Verizon (VZ,Fortune 500) for several years, but things are starting to look a little brighter for the nation's third-largest wireless carrier.

    Sprint finally began selling Apple(AAPL, Fortune 500) iPhones at the end of 2011, a move that has helped the company improve its sales. Sprint shares got their first big boost in July, after the carrier reported an 8% bump in its wireless service revenue, as it sold nearly 1.5 million iPhones.

    The company's stock got a second solid bump after Sprint confirmed that it was negotiating to sell a controlling stake to Japanese tech giant SoftBank. Within a few days, Sprint announced an agreement to sell a 70% stake to SoftBank in a deal worth more than $20 billion.

    The deal infuses Sprint with about $8 billion in much-needed capital, bolstering its ability to make acquisitions. And Sprint has already acted. In December, it made a bid to gain full control of Clearwire, in which it already has a 50.4% stake. Through the Clearwire (CLWR) deal, Sprint would own the rights to the largest swath of wireless spectrum.

第1名 全美航空

股票代码：LCC

今年迄今股价涨幅：152%

市值：21亿美元

《财富》美国500强排名：208

    今年以来，受可能与AMR Corporation合并的消息刺激，全美航空（US Airways）股价大涨。AMR是美国航空（American Airlines）和美国之鹰公司（American Eagle）的母公司，2011年底根据美国《破产法第十一章》递交了破产申请。

    全美航空是美国第五大航空公司，最初于1月份承认了合并的可能性。当时，这家公司披露称，公司已聘请了顾问公司，探索并购的可能性。从春到冬，坊间猜测不断。12月份，美国航空确认在讨论可能的并购时，与全美航空管理层分享了保密的财务信息。航空业几大工会都对这项并购持支持态度。

    全美航空基本上经营美国国内航线，面临着来自西南航空（Southwest Airlines）等廉价航空公司的激烈竞争。但分析人士表示，如果它与美国航空合并，它将成为一家规模大得多的国际航空公司。

    来源：Thinkstock，数据截止12月7日市场收盘，数据来源S&P Capital IQ。

    译者：早稻米

#1 US Airways Group

Ticker: LCC

YTD stock performance: 152%

Market cap: $2.1 billion

Fortune 500 rank: 208

    Since the start of the year, US Airways(LCC, Fortune 500) shares have been on a tear as the airline pursues a merger with AMR Corporation, the parent of American Airlines and American Eagle, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy at the end of 2011.

    US Airways, the nation's fifth-largest carrier, first acknowledged the possibility of a merger in January, when it disclosed that it had hired advisers to explore a possible deal. Speculation continued to build throughout the year. In December, American confirmed that it has shared confidential financial information with US Airways management as part of discussions for a possible deal, which the industry's major unions support.

    US Airways mostly operates domestically and faces stiff competition from low-cost carriers likeSouthwest Airlines (LUV, Fortune 500). But analysts say a merger with American would make it a much bigger player internationally.

    Source: ThinkstockData as of Dec. 7 market close, provided by S&P Capital IQ.